澳门六合彩开奖记录

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Email: frontdoor@reading.ac.uk

Telephone: + 44 (0)118 378 5380

Led by Dr Luke Barnard and Professor Chris Scott in the Department of Meteorology, its key components are citizen science, open research and worldwide public engagement.

In 2006, NASA launched the twin STEREO spacecraft. With cameras taking images of the sun’s surface, atmosphere and solar winds, the spacecraft were soon producing a huge volume of data that was challenging for scientists to analyse in detail and in a timely manner. Solar Stormwatch plugged the gap, developing web-based, real-time activities enabling the public to record storms and work with scientists. Space weather, a natural hazard listed in the government’s national risk register, is now better understood, and the project has generated a number of peer-reviewed publications. Worldwide, more than 16,000 people participate in Solar Stormwatch from 94 countries. The project is ongoing. It has led to a collaboration between the university and the Space Weather Prediction Center in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in the US, and the creation of new activities to answer new research questions established in this fastmoving, dynamic area of research.

Drought can drastically affect the outlook for the 200 million smallholder farmers who rely on rainfed agriculture across Africa; when crops fail, farmers struggle to feed their family and cannot invest in seeds for future harvests. Although insurance against drought has long been available, it usually only compensates farmers for proven crop losses. Weather index insurance (WII) presents an alternative solution; it provides pay-outs if cumulative rainfall drops below a pre-agreed threshold. But until recently, only one in a hundred farms was close enough to rain gauges to be eligible. Now, TAMSAT鈥檚 satellite-derived rainfall estimates mean more farmers can get cover.

Professor Black鈥檚 team, working in partnership with financial and agricultural organisations in Africa, has developed a suite of services under the Satellite data for Weather Index Insurance (SatWIN) project. The resources are free to use and easy to apply. They provide robust rainfall and soil moisture datasets, together with validation tools and guidelines.

Uptake of TAMSAT-based insurance products has soared throughout Africa. For example, TAMSAT data have been used by the Zambian Government to insure over 2 million farmers since 2017. During the 2017-18 rainy season, drought conditions in Zambia, identified by TAMSAT data, resulted in insurance pay-outs of more than US$3 million.

With success proven, SatWIN services are being rolled out across Africa and employed by international development agencies, including the Red Cross, to protect millions of vulnerable households.

Partners

Risk Shield (Zambia) - Insurance Consultants, International Research Institute for Climate and Society/Penn State, Ghana Meteorological Agency

Funders

Natural Environment Research Council, Global Challenges Research Fund, National Centre for Atmospheric Science

"The benefits have been optimised during the project through lessons learned, and the impacts are large, real and extensive.鈥�